Who is credited with the concept and development of MRI gradient fields?

The concept and development of MRI gradient fields is credited to Paul Lauterbur. His pioneering work in the 1970s was instrumental in the introduction of magnetic resonance imaging as a viable medical imaging technique. Lauterbur's innovative approach included the use of gradient magnetic fields, which enabled the spatial localization of signals. This breakthrough allowed for the creation of images from the raw magnetic resonance signals by varying the magnetic field strength in a controlled manner.

Lauterbur's contributions, alongside those of Peter Mansfield, who further developed the technique for practical imaging, laid the groundwork for modern MRI technology. Their collaborative efforts in manipulating the gradients and rapid imaging techniques made it possible to form detailed cross-sectional images of the human body, revolutionizing medical diagnostics.

The other figures mentioned are significant in their respective fields, with Albert Einstein being known for his theories of relativity, Richard Feynman for his work in quantum mechanics, and Marie Curie for her groundbreaking research on radioactivity. However, none are directly associated with the development of MRI gradient fields, making Paul Lauterbur the clear choice.